It’s getting increasingly crowded in low Earth orbit as the number of Starlink satellites continues to rise. Currently, there are over 4,000 Starlink satellites in orbit, and SpaceX plans to launch thousands more. However, this rapid expansion comes with a significant risk of collisions and potential damage to other orbiting spacecraft, defunct satellites, and space debris.
A recent report has shed light on the alarming frequency of collision avoidance maneuvers performed by Starlink satellites. Between December 1, 2022, and May 31, 2023, these satellites had to make 25,000 such maneuvers, averaging around 137 per day. In total, SpaceX's satellites have performed 50,000 collision avoidance maneuvers since the company started deploying Starlink satellites in 2019, according to reports submitted to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
These numbers indicate a steep increase in potential collision risks as the Starlink satellite constellation expands. With 4,411 Starlink satellites currently in orbit and SpaceX's plans to launch a total of 42,000 satellites, the situation poses a significant challenge.
The growing number of Starlink satellites has already caused problems in the past. The European Space Agency (ESA) had to maneuver its Aeolus Earth observation satellite to avoid a collision with a Starlink satellite in 2019. Similarly, in 2021, China lodged a complaint with the United Nations after having to change the course of its space station to avoid two approaching Starlink satellites.
SpaceX has committed to moving its satellites if the risk of collision with other objects reaches a threshold greater than 1 in 100,000. Additionally, the Starlink satellites are equipped with autonomous collision avoidance software that prompts them to maneuver away from potential threats.
However, the rapid expansion of the Starlink constellation raises concerns about the increased risk of collisions with other orbital objects. While no accidents have occurred thus far, the significant number of collision avoidance maneuvers reported by the FCC highlights the growing threat posed by the growing number of satellites in low Earth orbit.
As SpaceX continues to dominate low Earth orbit with its ambitious Starlink project, ensuring the safety and sustainability of space activities becomes a critical priority. Efforts to mitigate collision risks and establish international cooperation in managing orbital traffic are crucial to safeguarding the long-term viability of space exploration and satellite communications.
